Learning Excel starts with mastering the basic formulas. Whether you’re a student, teacher, office professional, or data enthusiast, these 50 formulas will help you save time, boost productivity, and work smarter in Excel.
Table of Contents
✅ Mathematical Formulas
=SUM(A1:A5)– Adds values in a range=AVERAGE(A1:A5)– Calculates average=PRODUCT(A1:A3)– Multiplies values=QUOTIENT(A1, A2)– Returns the integer part of division=MOD(A1,A2)– Returns remainder=POWER(A1,2)– Square of a number=ROUND(A1,1)– Rounds to 1 decimal=ROUNDUP(A1,0)– Rounds up=ROUNDDOWN(A1,0)– Rounds down=ABS(A1)– Absolute value (removes minus)
🔢 Statistical Formulas
=MAX(A1:A5)– Finds largest number=MIN(A1:A5)– Finds smallest number=MEDIAN(A1:A5)– Finds the median=MODE.SNGL(A1:A5)– Finds most frequent value=RANK(A1,A1:A10)– Rank of value=COUNT(A1:A10)– Count numbers=COUNTA(A1:A10)– Count non-empty cells=COUNTBLANK(A1:A10)– Count empty cells=STDEV.P(A1:A10)– Standard deviation=LARGE(A1:A10,2)– 2nd largest value
🧠 Logical Formulas
=IF(A1>50,"Pass","Fail")=AND(A1>50, B1>60)=OR(A1>50, B1>60)=NOT(A1>50)=IFERROR(A1/B1,"Error")
📅 Date & Time Formulas
=TODAY()– Current date=NOW()– Current date & time=DATEDIF(A1,B1,"Y")– Difference in years=TEXT(TODAY(),"dd-mm-yyyy")=YEAR(A1)/=MONTH(A1)/=DAY(A1)
🔤 Text Formulas
=UPPER(A1)– Uppercase=LOWER(A1)– Lowercase=PROPER(A1)– Capitalize first letter=TRIM(A1)– Remove extra spaces=LEN(A1)– Count characters=LEFT(A1,5)– Extract first 5 characters=RIGHT(A1,4)– Last 4 characters=MID(A1,3,2)– Characters from position 3 (2 chars)=CONCAT(A1,B1)– Join cells=TEXTJOIN(" ",TRUE,A1:A3)– Join with space
🔍 Lookup & Reference Formulas
=VLOOKUP(100,A2:D10,2,FALSE)=HLOOKUP("Q1",A1:D4,2,FALSE)=INDEX(A2:C5,2,3)=MATCH(100,A1:A10,0)=CHOOSE(2,"Apple","Orange","Mango")
📊 Miscellaneous Useful Formulas
=ISBLANK(A1)– Checks if blank=ISNUMBER(A1)– Checks if number=CELL("address",A1)– Cell address=ROW(A1)/=COLUMN(A1)– Returns row/column=SUBTOTAL(9,A1:A10)– Smart total (ignores hidden)
🏁 Final Words:
Mastering these 50 basic Excel formulas will boost your spreadsheet confidence and make daily tasks much easier. Whether you’re tracking sales, calculating attendance, or analyzing budgets—these formulas are your toolkit.
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